Formula 1: Challenges and Developments in Wet Tyre Performance
In recent seasons, the Formula 1 landscape has seen a notable reduction in the use of full wet tyres during race weekends, primarily due to visibility issues caused by track spray. While the FIA implemented changes to improve visibility with the latest generation of cars, little progress has been achieved, leaving teams and drivers frustrated.
Pirelli, the exclusive tyre supplier, has acknowledged the complexities surrounding wet conditions, with many drivers, including reigning champion Max Verstappen, opting for intermediates even in heavier rain. Current strategies focus on refining the crossover point between intermediates and full wet tyres. Pirelli’s target for this crossover, aimed for 2025, was initially set at 115-116% of dry lap times, yet actual performance data shows it currently closer to 118%, as reported by Mario Isola, head of motorsport at Pirelli.
Technical Insights on Grip and Design
In a recent interview, Isola revealed that the development of wet tyres has shifted focus from preventing aquaplaning to enhancing cornering grip. "We’ve realized that drivers have been referring to a loss of grip rather than aquaplaning issues," Isola stated. He explained that increasing tread grooves to mitigate aquaplaning resulted in smaller blocks that produce excessive heat, leading to grip loss.
The updated strategy includes a modification of the tread pattern to reduce overheating, particularly on high-intensity circuits. "We are hopeful this will lead to decreased block movement and improved performance," Isola added.
Future Developments and Testing Limitations
For the 2026 regulations overhaul, which will introduce new tyre compounds, Pirelli is targeting an improved crossover point for intermediate and full wet tyres, allowing for better strategic choices during races. Isola confirmed, "We are also considering a completely new tread pattern to align with these objectives."
However, the development of wet tyres is constrained by limited testing opportunities, particularly under severe wet conditions. "Our capacity to test in high-severity tracks is lacking. Nonetheless, we are prepared to adapt our testing strategies at circuits like Barcelona and Jerez to capitalize on any rain that might occur," Isola concluded.
As F1 evolves, the challenges of wet racing demand continuous innovation from Pirelli and the teams, with keen attention on upcoming regulations that could reshape tyre performance significantly.
